نگارش آکادمیک چیست؟

Hi, I'm Ellen. In this video, I'm going to talk about some general
features of academic writing that you need to be familiar with if you want to succeed
in your own writing at university. First of all, you need to consider
that writing is communicative. In all forms of communication, there is a sender who transmits
the message to a receiver. In academic writing, that message
will be a fact based argument. And in order to successfully deliver this,
you need to know who you're writing for and what you can expect your
target reader to already know. In other words,
identifying your audience is crucial. Another central feature of academic
writing is that it's objective, which means that you should avoid
biased language and generalizations and that you shouldn't bring in your
personal pre-conceptions or opinions. An academic essay about say, a fictional
character, a political conflict or a religious issue should present
an argument that sheds light on the actual topic, but mustn't be a subjective
statement on the part of the writer. Academic writing is a formal genre and you are expected to use a rather
strict register and format. This can be a challenge, especially for
non-native writers as different levels of formality might be difficult to
recognize in a second language. Remember, the question of style and
register in writing is not necessarily a difference between what is right or
wrong language wise, but rather specifies what is the preferred
style for a specific occasion. In other words, what is right in one context may
not be considered okay in another. Just as you wouldn't wear flip flops to a
formal dinner, you don't use the informal style of text messages between friends in
a job application or a university essay. But how do you go about finding
the right level of formality for writing at university then? Well, one way is to study texts
within your specific discipline. As a university student,
you have loads of helpful resources at hand. You have access to your university library
resources, books as well as journals and perhaps also student papers and degree
projects written at your department. Read texts within your discipline
to learn how scholars and experienced students write. Look at things like how they introduce
their arguments, how they define and use discipline specific terms and how they make
use of previous research within the field. The last thing I would like to raise here
is a fact that writing practices do vary from one academic discipline to the next. This means that you need to learn
what is expected of you for the particular text that you are writing. An article in physics looks very different
from one in history, for instance. If you transfer from one
discipline to another, you'll notice that although
the basics remain the same, the way the texts are written when it comes to
referencing and text structure, for  instance, may differ. [MUSIC]