جمله‌واره‌های وصفی با حروف اضافه

Which one of the following
sentences is wrong? That is the teacher to
whom I spoke yesterday. That is the teacher whom
I spoke to yesterday. That is the teacher who
I spoke to yesterday. That is the teacher to
that I spoke yesterday. That is the teach that
I spoke to yesterday. That is the teacher I spoke to yesterday. The answer is number 4 is wrong. In this lesson, you will learn
how to correctly make sentences using adjective clauses with prepositions. With each of the sentences from before,
there are two parts. The main clause in blue, and
the adjective clause in red. When we look closely at the clauses
we can see two sentences. That is the teacher and
I spoke yesterday to her. Where the red sentence tells us
more about the first sentence. In the first part, teacher and
her mean the same thing. And to is the preposition. Now, to put the sentences
as one adjective clause sentence to her needs to
move right after teacher. Then we need to replace her with
an adjective clause pronoun such as whom. We can also move the preposition to. After the verb spoke. Instead of whom,
we can also use the informal who. We can even replace who with that. We can leave out the adjective
clause pronoun completely. So we have that is the teacher
I spoke to yesterday. When we talk about people and
adjective clauses, we can use whom, who, that, or nothing. But if you want the preposition right
after the noun being described, for example here the teacher,
then the only choice we have is whom. Here is another example with
the main clause in blue and the adjective clause in red. Here is the email about which I told you. Here is the email which I told you about. Here is the email that I told you about. Here is the email I told you about. Again, when we look at the clauses
more closely we can see two sentences. Here is the email, and
I told you about it. Where the red sentence tells us
more about the first sentence. In the first part email is the same as it. And about is the preposition. The adjective clause sentence tells us
more about the email in the main clause. As in the last example, we need to move the preposition
close to the noun we are describing. But, this time we replace it with which. Or we can move about the end
of the adjective clause. We can change which to that. Or even take it out completely. Now when we describe
things instead of people, we have to use which, that, or nothing. But after the preposition,
we must use which only. Let's look at another example. I called the man to whom I sent the email. I called the man whom I sent the email to. I called the man who I sent the email to. I called the man that I sent the email to. I called the man I sent the email to. But in reality, the most common written
form of the sentence is the one with that. But in speaking, the most common
form is the one without a pronoun. In this lesson,
you learned how to correctly make sentences with adjective
clauses with prepositions. Thanks for listening.