Using where in adjective clauses. Let's begin with a quick
review of adjective clauses. Now adjective clauses are clauses, so
they're made of a subject and verb. They start with a relative pronouns like,
who, whom, which, that and whose. But what do adjective clauses do? They modify, or in other words,
describe nouns. Now here's some example sentences with
adjective clauses in parenthesis. 1, The students (who arrived late)
sat in the back of the room. 2, Michael is the person (whom
you have spoken to on the phone). 3, No one bought any of the computers
(that weren't on sale). 4, The garden is full of flowers
(which only bloom in the spring). And 5, I congratulated the mother (whose child
won first place in the spelling contest). In blue, you can see the relative pronouns
that you've already learned how to use, who, whom, that, which and whose. In red, you can see the nouns
that they modify, students, person, computers, flowers, and mother. Now you already know that who, whom, that and
whose are used to modify people while which, that and
whose are used to modify things. But what about where? It's used to modify location, or places like cities, parks, rooms, even space, or places on the Internet. Now let's talk about different
places in California using some of my own photographs. The place where I took this picture
is called Joshua Tree National Park. It is a huge, beautiful park
in San Bernardino, California. They have lots of trees that look like
this, and they are called Joshua trees. These photos were taken in
a forest where you can find red trees called Manzanita trees. They are in Santa Barbara, California. There is an aquarium in Monterey where you
can see many different types of jellyfish. In San Diego, there is a museum where you can take
a photo with a gigantic dung beetle. They also have lots of cool dinosaurs. The museum where I saw a Pablo Picasso
sculpture is called LACMA, The Los Angeles Contemporary Museum
of Art. Don't you think the sculpture
looks a lot like a rooster? Now let's take a look
at the first sentence. The place where I took this picture
is called Joshua Tree National Park. Do you see where the adjective part is? It's right here,
where I took this picture. Now this adjective cause
modifies the word place. Where is the pronoun,
I is the subject, and took is a verb, which follows a structure where
the pronoun plus the subject and verb. What about this sentence? These photos were taken in a forest
where you can find red trees. Here's the adjective clause and forest
is the location word that it modifies. Now let's look at three more sentences. I'd like for you think about where
the adjective clauses are and which words they modify. There is an aquarium in Monterey where you
can see many different types of jellyfish. Do you see the adjective clause? Here it is, and
it modifies aquarium in Monterey. Next, in San Diego, there is a museum where you can take
a picture with a gigantic dung beetle. Here's the adjective clause and
it modifies museum. And last we have, the museum where I saw
a Pablo Picasso sculpture is called LACMA. Here's the adjective clause, and
it modifies the word museum. I'd like to take a closer
look at the last sentence. The museum where I saw a Pablo Picasso
sculpture is called LACMA. Now the adjective clause,
where I saw a Pablo Picasso sculpture, can be written in several different ways,
using several different pronouns. Here, using where,
there is no preposition. But let's take a second to think
about what this sentence is saying. The adjective clause is saying, I saw
a Pablo Picasso sculpture in a museum and the rest of the sentence is saying,
the museum is called LACMA. Do you see a preposition
in the first sentence? That's right, in is a preposition. Now let's use in, in order to express the original
sentence in several different ways. The museum in which I saw a Picasso
sculpture is called LACMA. The museum which I saw a Picasso
sculpture in is called LACMA. The museum that I saw a Picasso
sculpture in is called LACMA. The museum I saw a Picasso
sculpture in is called LACMA. Notice that this last sentence does not
have a pronoun which is totally fine. All of these sentences
express the same idea as the museum where I saw a Picasso
sculpture, is called LACMA. Now, I'd like to give you another
example using this photo. Here, I am at a cafe where I'm learning
to play chess for the first time. Notice anything strange? Yeah, the game pieces were really big. The cafe where I learned to play
chess had very large game boards. Now let's think about the several
different ways that I can express the same idea. I can say the cafe at which I learned to
play chess had very large game boards. Or the cafe which I learned to play
chess at had very large game boards, or the cafe that I learned to play
chess at had very large game boards. And finally, the cafe I learned to play
chess at had very large game boards. Now you have a lot of choices here, but I do want to point out that
the most common forms would be using where, and
also not using a pronoun at all. For instance, I can end this lesson
by saying I hope you enjoyed hearing about some of the places
where I've been around California. Or I hope you enjoyed hearing about
some of the places I've been to around California. Either way,
I hope you enjoyed this lesson. I hope you feel more comfortable
now expressing your thoughts about places using where in adjective clauses.
