{"id":14394,"date":"2020-12-13T17:18:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T13:48:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/?p=14394"},"modified":"2026-02-17T18:31:46","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T15:01:46","slug":"relative-pronouns-in-english-grammar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/relative-pronouns-in-english-grammar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc: \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. Who\u060c Whom\u060c Whose\u060c Which \u0648 That \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f. \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 When \u0648 Where \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. <\/span>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/a> \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc Who<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0647\u0644\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I think there\u2019d be a lot of children who\u2019d love to have a climbing wall in school. (defining).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s the dog who doesn\u2019t like me. (defining; referring to a pet animal).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There\u2019s this guy at work, who\u2019s one of my friends, well he\u2019s never been on a train. (non-defining).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc Whom<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was only one person to whom<\/span> the old man spoke.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

She was a celebrated actress<\/u> whom<\/span> he had known and loved, on and off, almost since her first appearance on the stage.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc Whose:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631  \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He\u2019s marrying a girl whose family don\u2019t seem to like him. (The family of the girl he\u2019s marrying don\u2019t seem to like him.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was me and there was Kate, whose party it was, and then there were two other people. (It was Kate\u2019s party.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc Which<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You need to tick the box<\/u> which<\/span> says yes.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

He won\u2019t have much time to prepare for the meeting<\/u>, which<\/span> is this afternoon.<\/i> (non-defining)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She had to get up and walk all the way to the other side of the room<\/u>, which<\/span> isn\u2019t easy with a bad back.<\/i> (which<\/i> refers to the whole sentence before it)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc That<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc who\u060c Whom \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 Which \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We met somebody<\/u> last night that<\/span> did the speech therapy course two years after you.<\/i> (refers to a person)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 8.30 is the train<\/u> that<\/span> you need to get.<\/i> (refers to a thing)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She blamed herself for everything<\/u> that<\/span> had happened.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/th>\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/th>\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
who<\/td>who\/whom<\/td>whose<\/td><\/tr>
which<\/td>which<\/td>whose<\/td><\/tr>
that<\/td>that<\/td>–<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0628\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The driver who<\/strong> ran the stop sign was careless.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The children, whom<\/strong> we love dearly, need better educations.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I have a friend whose<\/strong> cat is annoying.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The book, which<\/strong> is now out of print, has all the information you need.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is the book that<\/strong> everyone is talking about.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\n
\n \"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\n <\/div>\n\n
\n \n \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0633 <\/a>\n\n
\n \n \n \u06f2,\u06f3\u06f9\u06f9,\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 <\/span>\n\n \n \n \u06f9\u06f5\u06f9,\u06f6\u06f0\u06f0 <\/span>\n \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span>\n <\/span>\n\n
\n \u06f6\u06f0% <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n