{"id":27921,"date":"2021-12-04T14:16:22","date_gmt":"2021-12-04T10:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/?p=27921"},"modified":"2026-04-06T18:35:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T15:05:06","slug":"everything-you-need-to-know-about-political-psychology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-political-psychology\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f !"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u06a9 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc (Political Psychology) \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/learn\/psychology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/a> \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>&nbsp;\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0632\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"jet-listing-grid--50192\" style=\"\"><style><\/style><section class=\"zht-related-post\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\" role=\"region\"\n  aria-label=\"Related article\">\n  <div class=\"zht-related-post-section-label\">\n    \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\n  <\/div>\n  <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/10\/idea_sized-arbeit_schandet_-_georg_scholz-300x240.jpg.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/10\/idea_sized-arbeit_schandet_-_georg_scholz-300x240.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/10\/idea_sized-arbeit_schandet_-_georg_scholz-768x614.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/idea_sized-arbeit_schandet_-_georg_scholz.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" title=\"\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/what-is-clinical-psychology-and-what-is-its-story\/\" class=\"zht-related-post-title\"\n    itemprop=\"headline\" target=\"_blank\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/a>\n<\/section><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"488\" height=\"325\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc-\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc.jpg\" alt=\"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\" class=\"wp-image-27922 lazyload\" title=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc-\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc.jpg 488w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc-\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc-300x200.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 488px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 488\/325;\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u062e\u0628\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 chong \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"jet-listing-grid--50192\" style=\"\"><section class=\"zht-related-post\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\" role=\"region\"\n  aria-label=\"Related article\">\n  <div class=\"zht-related-post-section-label\">\n    \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\n  <\/div>\n  <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/08\/BSc-Hons-Educational-Psychology-300x169.jpg.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image lazyload\" alt=\"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/08\/BSc-Hons-Educational-Psychology-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/08\/BSc-Hons-Educational-Psychology-1024x576.jpg.webp 1024w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/08\/BSc-Hons-Educational-Psychology-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/08\/BSc-Hons-Educational-Psychology-1536x864.jpg.webp 1536w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BSc-Hons-Educational-Psychology.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" title=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/169;\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/generalities-of-educational-psychology\/\" class=\"zht-related-post-title\"\n    itemprop=\"headline\" target=\"_blank\">\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u06cc<\/a>\n<\/section><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"275\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc-\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc\" class=\"wp-image-27923 lazyload\" title=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc-\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc-1.jpg 524w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/12\/\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc-\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc-1-300x157.jpg.webp 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 524px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 524\/275;\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0623\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 &#8211; \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 (Expectancy-value) \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Downs (1957) \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0623\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">&nbsp;\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0623\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 Downs\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0635\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0634\u062f (\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f4)\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Tyler &nbsp;\u0648 &nbsp;van der Toorn\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0627\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0647\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"jet-listing-grid--50192\" style=\"\"><section class=\"zht-related-post\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\" role=\"region\"\n  aria-label=\"Related article\">\n  <div class=\"zht-related-post-section-label\">\n    \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\n  <\/div>\n  <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/11\/Blog_Overcoming_Barriers_in_Intercultural_Communication_Blog-300x210.jpg.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image lazyload\" alt=\"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/11\/Blog_Overcoming_Barriers_in_Intercultural_Communication_Blog-300x210.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/11\/Blog_Overcoming_Barriers_in_Intercultural_Communication_Blog-768x538.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Blog_Overcoming_Barriers_in_Intercultural_Communication_Blog.jpg 1000w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" title=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/210;\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-cultural-psychology\/\" class=\"zht-related-post-title\"\n    itemprop=\"headline\" target=\"_blank\">\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f!<\/a>\n<\/section><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"276\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a-\u0648-\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646-\u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc.jpg\" alt=\"\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\" class=\"wp-image-27924 lazyload\" title=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a-\u0648-\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646-\u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc.jpg 538w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2021\/12\/\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a-\u0648-\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646-\u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-300x154.jpg.webp 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 538px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 538\/276;\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u067e\u0646\u062c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0632\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0646\u062c\u06cc (neuroticism)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 (openness to experience )\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (extraversion)\u060c \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc (onscientiousness) \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc (agreeableness) \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c Caprara \u0648 vecchione \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Winter \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062e\u0628\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0641\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 (nomothetic) \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0641\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc &#8211; \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc:&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u067e\u0645\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a<strong> \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u06a9 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc (Political Psychology) \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":27926,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology-training"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27921"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66314,"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27921\/revisions\/66314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}