{"id":5370,"date":"2020-07-07T12:07:57","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T07:37:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/?p=5370"},"modified":"2026-04-06T22:54:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T19:24:45","slug":"what-is-terahertz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/what-is-terahertz\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 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\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/what-is-terahertz\/\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/strong><\/a> \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"jet-listing-grid--50121\" style=\"\"><div class=\"jet-listing-dynamic-field-block zht-maktab-khooneh-course cb-fb2qc30r\"data-is-block=\"jet-engine\/dynamic-field\"><div class=\"jet-listing-dynamic-field__content\" >\n<div class=\"course-card\">\n    <div class=\"course-card-img\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" \n            data-src=\"https:\/\/media1.maktabkhooneh.org\/CACHE\/images\/courses\/images\/ARM_tjO9zMB\/6c45d8b30a35477389e0da058f774561.webp?expire=4893471932&#038;token=eee405b4a060182e124d90b78474dae2&#038;md5=7uQFtKBgGC4STZC3hHTa4g==\" \n            alt=\"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 ARM\" \n            title=\"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 ARM\" \n            width=\"100%\" \n            height=\"auto\"\n           \n         src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\">\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"course-details\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/course\/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B1-arm-mk421\/\" class=\"course-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n            \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 ARM        <\/a>\n\n        <div class=\"course-price\">\n            \n                <span class=\"real-price\">\n                                            \u06f2\u06f4\u06f9,\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0                                    <\/span>\n\n                <span>\n                    <span class=\"discounted-price\">\n                        \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9,\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"price-currency\">\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span>\n                <\/span>\n\n                                    <div class=\"discount-percentage\">\n                        \u06f2\u06f0%                    <\/div>\n                \n                    <\/div>\n        <button class=\"course-cta-button\" data-course-url=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/course\/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B1-arm-mk421\/\">\n            \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f 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style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 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\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u062e \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-6254\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"285\" src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6254\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1-1.png 404w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/07\/1-1-300x212.png.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06f1. \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f 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style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06f3\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 &#8230; \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06f0.\u06f1 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 OFDM \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06f5 \u06af\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"jet-listing-grid--50121\" style=\"\"><div class=\"jet-listing-dynamic-field-block zht-maktab-khooneh-course cb-fb2qc30r\"data-is-block=\"jet-engine\/dynamic-field\"><div class=\"jet-listing-dynamic-field__content\" >\n<div class=\"course-card\">\n    <div class=\"course-card-img\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" \n            data-src=\"https:\/\/media1.maktabkhooneh.org\/CACHE\/images\/courses\/images\/Altium-Designer_d5rYQrB_1403-08-16-164746589\/bed7b80fa150ea8dd4783df812877de0.webp?expire=4893471932&#038;token=6121b7c5652322223cd1dd92ea821596&#038;md5=YSG3xWUjIiI80d2S6oIVlg==\" \n            alt=\"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 Altium Designer\" \n            title=\"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 Altium Designer\" \n            width=\"100%\" \n            height=\"auto\"\n           \n         src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\">\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"course-details\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/course\/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-altium-designer-mk390\/\" class=\"course-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n            \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 Altium Designer        <\/a>\n\n        <div class=\"course-price\">\n            \n                <span class=\"real-price\">\n                                            \u06f1,\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9,\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0                                    <\/span>\n\n                <span>\n                    <span class=\"discounted-price\">\n                        \u06f3\u06f5\u06f9,\u06f7\u06f0\u06f0                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"price-currency\">\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span>\n                <\/span>\n\n                                    <div class=\"discount-percentage\">\n                        \u06f7\u06f0%                    <\/div>\n                \n                    <\/div>\n        <button class=\"course-cta-button\" data-course-url=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/course\/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-altium-designer-mk390\/\">\n            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\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f0\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0635\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 (\u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0647 \u0648 &#8230;)\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"jet-listing-grid--50192\" style=\"\"><style><\/style><section class=\"zht-related-post\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\" role=\"region\"\n  aria-label=\"Related article\">\n  <div class=\"zht-related-post-section-label\">\n    \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\n  <\/div>\n  <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/h35040-uhf-rfid-patch-antenna-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image lazyload\" alt=\"\u0622\u0646\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0686 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/h35040-uhf-rfid-patch-antenna-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/h35040-uhf-rfid-patch-antenna-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/h35040-uhf-rfid-patch-antenna-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/h35040-uhf-rfid-patch-antenna-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/h35040-uhf-rfid-patch-antenna.jpg 1600w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" title=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/200;\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/what-is-patch-antenna\/\" class=\"zht-related-post-title\"\n    itemprop=\"headline\" target=\"_blank\">\u0622\u0646\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0686 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a>\n<\/section><\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc 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data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6255 lazyload\" title=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/2-1.png 947w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/07\/2-1-300x25.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/07\/2-1-768x63.png.webp 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 947px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 947\/78;\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 (\u06f1) \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0634\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"jet-listing-grid--50192\" style=\"\"><section class=\"zht-related-post\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\" role=\"region\"\n  aria-label=\"Related article\">\n  <div class=\"zht-related-post-section-label\">\n    \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\n  <\/div>\n  <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/03\/Fivepoint-Cubesat2-300x185.jpg.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image lazyload\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u062a (\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/03\/Fivepoint-Cubesat2-300x185.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/03\/Fivepoint-Cubesat2-1024x630.jpg.webp 1024w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/03\/Fivepoint-Cubesat2-768x472.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Fivepoint-Cubesat2.jpg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" title=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/185;\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/what-is-a-cubesat-satellite\/\" class=\"zht-related-post-title\"\n    itemprop=\"headline\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u062a (\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f<\/a>\n<\/section><\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632-\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c TM \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c TE \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc&nbsp; TM \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062f\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0634\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 (\u06f0.\u06f1 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632) \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u067e\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 &nbsp;\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"jet-listing-grid--50192\" style=\"\"><section class=\"zht-related-post\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Article\" role=\"region\"\n  aria-label=\"Related article\">\n  <div class=\"zht-related-post-section-label\">\n    \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\n  <\/div>\n  <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/04\/Graphenephene-300x169.jpg.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image lazyload\" alt=\"\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/04\/Graphenephene-300x169.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/04\/Graphenephene-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Graphenephene.jpg 1000w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" title=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/169;\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/what-is-graphene\/\" class=\"zht-related-post-title\"\n    itemprop=\"headline\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/a>\n<\/section><\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a&nbsp; \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0634\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u062e \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc 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\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 &nbsp;\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0634 &nbsp;\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0644\u0632-\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-6256\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"241\" height=\"287\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6256 lazyload\" title=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 241px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 241\/287;\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06f2. \u0634\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<span style=\"text-align: justify;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f<em>.<\/em> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641&nbsp; k2 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 &nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 (\u06f2) \u0648 (\u06f3) \u0648 (\u06f4) \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"949\" height=\"576\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/3.1-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6259 lazyload\" title=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/3.1-2.png 949w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/07\/3.1-2-300x182.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/07\/3.1-2-768x466.png.webp 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 949px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 949\/576;\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 (\u06f5) \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc k2 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c&nbsp; TE \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c TE \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f.\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c&nbsp; TM \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646&nbsp; K2 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp; \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639&nbsp; R \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 a \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-6260\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"311\" height=\"282\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/4-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6260 lazyload\" title=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/4-1.png 311w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/07\/4-1-300x272.png.webp 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 311px) 100vw, 311px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 311px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 311\/282;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06f3. \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644(\u06f4) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f D=1 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u200c \u0645\u0648\u062c (\u0641\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u06f0.\u06f3 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632) \u06f2\u06f5 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631d \u0648 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 t \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-6261\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"332\" height=\"351\" data-src=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/5-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6261 lazyload\" title=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/5-1.png 332w, https:\/\/maktabkhooneh.org\/mag\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2020\/07\/5-1-284x300.png.webp 284w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 332px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 332\/351;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06f4. \u0634\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 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