استفاده کردن از تلفظ درست

English, unlike many other languages, is not phonetic, meaning that a word will not necessarily be pronounced in the same way that it is written. This can make pronunciation difficult.

Pronunciation of individual sounds
In English, the alphabet contains 26 letters; however, there are 44 different single sounds (or phonemes) which include 20 vowel sounds (7 short vowels, 5 long vowels, and 8 diphthongs) and 24 consonant sounds. The English Phonetic Chart below contains all these sounds:

Click here for the interactive version.

Can you correctly produce all of these sounds?

To check this, follow these steps with each of the sounds:

Read the phoneme aloud several times. For example /θ/  AUDIO 

Read the example word several times. For example: throw  AUDIO

Consonant clusters
A consonant cluster is the sequence of two or more consonants, usually within one syllable. They can occur at the beginning (speak, credit, cloudy), in the middle (explain, chapter, handkerchief) or at the end of a word (third, attempts, consonant). There could also be more than one cluster within one word (draft, transform, instruct).

Most consonant clusters are a combination of the letters -l, -r and s- with another consonants:

-l: blank, clock, flight, plain
-r: break, chronological, problem
s-: spider, skin, sniper, splurge
For a more detailed list of the most common consonant clusters, download the Consonant Clusters handout at the bottom of the page.

Consonant clusters are very common in English and often cause pronunciation problems given that they require a combination of different phonemes (sounds). If a consonant cluster is mispronounced, this can lead to:

the dropping (i.e. not pronouncing) of sounds, especially at the end of words. For example: record – recor, think – thin, scripts - scrips
the unintended pronunciation of other words, affecting the meaning and comprehension of your idea. For example: claim – came, string – sting, pray – pay, best – bet
Paying attention to consonant clusters, especially in Read Aloud items, can help you achieve a higher mark in the pronunciation component of PTE Academic.

Pronunciation of -ed
The ending -ed is used to form the past and past participle tenses of regular verbs (e.g. I watched TV last night) or to create certain adjectives (e.g. The students were confused with the question). This ending is often mispronounced, but you can avoid this and improve your pronunciation by following these simple rules:

Rule 1: If the last sound of the verb is /t/ or /d/, -ed will sound like /ɪd/. This will add a new syllable to the verb:

/t/: want – wanted, accept – accepted, hate – hated  AUDIO

/d/: decide – decided / end – ended / need – needed  AUDIO

Rule 2: If the last sound of the verb is /p/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /ʧ/, /k/, -ed will sound like /t/:

/p/: hope – hoped, jump – jumped, help – helped   AUDIO

/f/: laugh – laughed, debrief – debriefed, surf – surfed  AUDIO

/s/: dress – dressed, dance – danced, fix – fixed   AUDIO

/ʃ/: wash – washed, finish – finished, wish – wished   AUDIO

/ʧ/: watch – watched, impeach – impeached, approach – approached    AUDIO

/k/: bake – baked, look – looked, walk – walked    AUDIO

agree – agreed, welcome – welcomed, explain – explained, fill – filled, save – saved   AUDIO

CONSONANTS CLUSTER PDF